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The 100 Greatest Muslims
November 8, 2023
1. The Prophet Muhammad
2. Umar ibn al-Khattab
3. Ali ibn Abi Talib
4. Abu Bakr al-Siddiq
5. Uthman ibn Affan
6. Aisha bint Abu Bakr
7. Khadija bint Khuwaylid
8. Khalid ibn al-Walid
9. Husain ibn Ali
10. Abu Hurayra
11. Fatimah bint Muhammad
12. Bilal ibn Rabah
13. Al-Bukhari
14. Abu Hanifah
15. Abu'l-Hasan al-Ash'ari
16. Saladin
17. Abu Hamid al-Ghazali
18. Abu Abdullah ibn al-Shafi'i
19. Al-Khwarazmi
20. Ahmad ibn Hanbal
21. Ibn Khaldun
22. Malik ibn Anas
23. Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz
24. Abdul Qadir Gilani
25. Ibn Sina
26. Ibn Taymiyyah
27. Nizam al-Mulk
28. Al-Kindi
29. Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan
30. Jalal al-Din Rumi
31. Harun al-Rashid
32. Abd ar-Rahman I
33. Tariq ibn Ziyad
34. Mehmed II
35. Al-Biruni
36. Suleyman the Magnificent
37. Ja'far al-Sadiq
38. Abd ar-Rahman II
39. Ziryab
40. Ibn Ishaq
41. Al-Ma'mun
42. Ibn Rushd
43. Timur
44. Akbar
45. Al-Farabi
46. Al-Tabari
47. Ibn Battuta
48. Jabir ibn Hayyan
49. Mimar Sinan
50. Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariyya' al-Razi
51. Hasan al-Basri
52. Ibn al-Haytham
53. Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj
54. Mahmud of Ghazna
55. Muhammad ibn al-Qasim al-Thaqafi - The Eighth Century Conqueror of Sindh, The Land That Would Become Pakistan
56. Musa ibn Nusayr - The Eighth Century Conqueror of the Visigothic Kingdom of Hispania
57. Babur - The 16th Century Founder of the Mughal Empire
58. Al-Mas'udi - The Baghdad Born 10th Century Historian Known as the "Herodotus of the Arabs"
59. Al-Zahrawi - The 10th Century Andalusian Physician Who Is Called "The Father of Surgery"
60. Ibn al-Arabi - The 13th Century Arab Andalusian Scholar, Mystic, Poet and Philosopher
61. Omar Khayyam - The 11th Century Persian Poet and Polymath
62. Jamal al-Din al-Afghani - The 19th Century Father of Modern Pan-Islamism
63. Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab - The 18th Century Founder of the Wahhabi Movement of Saudi Arabia
64. Rabi'a al-Adawiyyah - The 8th Century Sufi Saint Who is One of the Founders of Sufism and Who is Equated with Mary, the Mother of Jesus
65. 'Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan - The 7th Century "Dome of the Rock" Caliph Whose Reign Firmly Consolidated the Umayyad Empire
66. Al-Hallaj - The 10th Century "Christlike" Persian Mystic Who Said "I Am The Truth" and Was Persecuted, Tortured and Martyred for His Belief
67. Al-Shahrastani - The 12th Century Persian Historian of Religions Who Wrote the Monumental Book of Sects and Creeds
68. Baha' al-Din Naqshband - The 14th Century Sufi Saint and Founder of the Naqshbandi, a Major South Asian Sufi Order
69. Shah Jahan - "The King of the World" Who, in the 17th Century, Became the Fifth Mughal Emperor and Who Constructed the Taj Mahal, One of the Architectural Wonders of the World
and
Mumtaz Mahal - The "Exalted One of the Palace" and the Inspiration for Shah Jahan's 17th Century Taj Mahal, One of the Architectural Wonders of the World
70. Nasir al-Din al-Tusi - The 13th Century Persian Polymath Who Became The Father of Trigonometry
71. Shah Rukh - Named for a Chess Move, The 15th Century Ruler of the Timurid Empire Whose Death Began a Timurid Game of Thrones
72. Nur Jahan - The "Light of the World": The Wife of Mughal Emperor Jahangir, She Became the De Facto Ruler of 17th Century Mughal India
73. Fakhr al-Din al-Razi - "The Sultan of the Theologians", The 13th Century Author of The Great Commentary on the Qur'an and Arguably the First Multiverse Trailblazer
74. Ferdowsi - The 11th Century Persian Poet Who Wrote The Shahnameh (The "Book of Kings"), a 60,000 Couplet Masterpiece Written Over 35 Years
75. Zheng He - The Great 15th Century Chinese Mariner and Explorer Who Led Seven Voyages to the Southern Oceans Including Voyages to Arabia and Africa
76. Ibn Hazm - The 11th Century Andalusian Polymath Who Became the Father of Comparative Religion and the Author of The Ring of the Dove
78. Nur al-Din Zangi - The "Light of the Faith" During the 12th Century's Second Crusade, Years Before Saladin
79. Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi - The 17th Century Reviver of Islam in India
80. Ibn Bajja - The 12th Century Andalusian Who Became the First Eminent Philosopher of Al-Andalus (Muslim Spain)
81. Aurangzeb - The 17th Century Indian "Conqueror of the World"
82. Ibn Tufayl - The 12th Century Author of Hayy ibn Yaqdhan (Philosophus Autodidactus), the Precursor for Robinson Crusoe
83. Malik Ibrahim - The 14th Century Persian Missionary Who Became First Wali Songo -- the First Introducer of Islam -- in Indonesia
84. Mansa Musa - The 14th Century Mali Ruler Who May Be The Richest Man in History
85. Al-Nawawi - The 13th Century Author of "Forty Hadith"
86. Muhammad Baqir Majlisi - The 17th Century Iranian Twelver Shia Scholar Who Became Author of the 110 Volume "Oceans of Light"
87. Hafiz Shirazi - The 14th Century Persian Poet Whose Diwan Became the Pinnacle of Persian Poetry
88. Shadhili - The 13th Century Founder of the Shadhiliyah Sufi Order
89. Shah Wali Allah - The 18th Century Great Renewer of Islam in India and the Author of The Conclusive Argument From God
90. Shamil - Legendary 19th Century Chechen and Dagestan Resistance Fighter Who Delayed Russia's Conquest of the Caucasus for 25 Years
91. Ibn Jubayr - The 12th Century Andalusian Traveller Whose Rihlah, Whose Creative Travelogue, Recounts His Crusader Era Hajj
92. Suhrawardi - The 12th Century Iranian "Master of Illumination" Who Wrote The Philosophy of Illumination
93. Saadi Shirazi - The 13th Century "Master" of Persian Poetry Who Wrote The Rose Garden
94. Sayyid Ahmad Khan - The 19th Century Founder of the First Muslim University in Southern Asia and the Father of the Two-Nation Theory for the Indian Sub-Continent
95. Muhammad Ahmad - The Mahdi of Sudan Who Created a Vast Islamic African State in the 19th Century
96. Al-Mutanabbi - The 10th Century Abbasid Era Arab Poet Who is Considered to Be the Greatest Poet of the Arabic Language
97. 'Uthman Dan Fodio - The 19th Century Nigerian Religious Leader and Reformer Who Founded the Sokoto Caliphate
98. Mulla Sadra - The 17th Century Philosopher Who Is the Author of The Four Journeys of the Intellect and Who is Considered to Be the Greatest Iranian Philosopher
99. Ali al-Rida - "The One Well-Pleasing to God" Who Became the Eighth Imam of Twelver Shi'a Islam in 9th Century Persia
100. Fatima bint Musa - "The Pure and Innocent" 9th Century Shi'a Saint Whose Shrine in Qom Draws Millions Every Year
Others worthy of consideration for The 100 Greatest Muslims: Gowhar Shad, Malik Ambar
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The 100 Greatest Muslims Since 1900:
91: Ebrahim Raisi, President of Iran
92: Ameen Sayani, Pioneering Radio Star in India
93. Yacouba Sawadogo, Burkina Faso Farmer Who Held Back the Desert
94. Saleemul Huq, Bangladeshi Advocate for Climate Change Reparations
95. Dariush Mehrjui, "Iranian New Wave" Film Pioneer
96. Narges Mohammadi, Iranian Human Rights Activist and 2023 Nobel Peace Prize Recipient
97. Malala Yousafzai, Pakistani Female Education Activist and the Youngest Recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
98. Yusuf Islam (Cat Stevens), English Singer Who is One of the Greatest Singers and Songwriters of the 20th and 21st Centuries
99. Ferid Murad, Albanian American Nobel Prize Winning Pharmacologist Who Championed Nitric Oxide
100. Ayman al-Zawahiri, Egyptian Islamist Who Became Al-Qaeda's Leader After Osama Bin Laden
Others worthy of consideration for The 100 Greatest Muslims After 1900:
Abdul Qadeer Khan, Abdulrazak Gurnah, Ahdaf Soueif, Ahmed Zewail, 'Ali Bhutto, 'Ali Shariati, Amini Wadud, Anwar al-Sadat, Aziz Sancar, Benazir Bhutto,
Caucher Birkar, Ebrahim Moosa, Elif Shafak, Fatima Mernissi, Fethullah Gulen, Firouz Michael Naderi, Gamal Abdul Nasser, Hasan al-Banna, Hisham Matar, Ibn Saud,
Ishaq Shahryar, Mahmud Shaltut, Malcolm X, Maryam Mirzakhani, Mohamed El Baradei, Mohammad Abdus Salam, Mohammed Arkoun, Mohsin Hamid, Muammar Ghadafi,
Muhammad Abduh, Muhammad Ali, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Muhammad Iqbal, Muhammad Ilyas, Muhammad Yunus, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, Nadifa Mohamed, Naguib Mahfouz, Nurcholish Madjid,
Orhan Pamuk, Osama Bin Laden, Rashid Ahmad Gangohi, Ruhollah Khomeini, Saddam Hussein, Sa'id Nursi, Salman Rushdie, Sayyid Qutb, Shirin Ebadi, Tariq Ramadan,
Tawakel Karman, Yasser Arafat (52)
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