Thursday, November 28, 2024

2024: The 100 Greatest Muslims Since 1900: 87: Hazrat Inayat Khan, Indian Professor of Musicology, Poet, Philosopher and Transmitter of Sufism to the West

  Inayat Khan, Hazrat

"Everything in life is speaking in spite of its apparent silence." 

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Hazrat
Inayat Khan
عنایت خان رحمت خان
Title
  • Pir-o-Murshid
  • Shaikh al-Mashaikh
  • Tansen Zamanihal
  • Yüzkhan
  • Bakhshi
  • Shah
  • Mir-Khayl[1]
Personal
Born
Inayat Khan Rehmat Khan

July 5, 1882
Baroda, Bombay Presidency, British India
DiedFebruary 5, 1927 (aged 44)
New Delhi, British India
ReligionIslam
SpousePirani Ameena Begum
ChildrenVilayat; Hidayat; Noor; Khair-un-Nisa Inayat Khan
DenominationSunni
JurisprudenceHanafi
CreedSufism
ProfessionMusician, Pir, Musicologist
Muslim leader
SuccessorVilayat
ProfessionMusician, Pir, Musicologist
Universel Murad Hassil, Netherlands
Sant and Pir
Venerated inInayatiyya; Western Sufism
Major shrineDargah in Hazrat Nizamuddin, Delhi
InfluencesSayyid Abu Hashim Madani
InfluencedUniversal Sufism
Tradition or genre
Chishti, and other major Sufi tariqa















































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Inayat Khan Rehmat Khan (Urdu: عنایت خان رحمت خان; 5 July 1882 – 5 February 1927) was an Indian professor of musicology, singer, exponent of the saraswati vina, poet, philosopher, and pioneer of the transmission of Sufism to the West.[2] At the urging of his students, and on the basis of his ancestral Sufi tradition and four-fold training and authorization at the hands of Sayyid Abu Hashim Madani (d. 1907) of Hyderabad, he established an order of Sufism (the Sufi Order) in London in 1914. By the time of his death in 1927, centers had been established throughout Europe and North America, and multiple volumes of his teachings had been published.[3]

Early life

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Inayat Khan was born in Baroda to a noble Mughal family. His paternal ancestors, comprising yüzkhans (Central Asian lords) and bakshys (shamans), were Turkmen from the Chagatai Khanate who settled in Sialkot, Punjab during the reign of Amir Timur. Inayat Khan's maternal grandfather, Sangit Ratna Maulabakhsh Sholay Khan, was a Hindustani classical musician and educator known as “the Beethoven of India.” His maternal grandmother, Qasim Bibi, was from the royal house of Tipu Sultan of Mysore.[4]

Sufism

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Inayat Khan's Sufi sources included both the traditions of his paternal ancestors (remembered as the Mahashaikhan) and the tutelage he received from Sayyid Abu Hashim Madani.[4]: 3–64  From the latter he inherited four transmissions, constituting succession in the Chishti, Suhrawardi, Qadiri, and Naqshbandi orders of Sufism. Of these, the Chishti lineage, traced through the Delhi-based legacy of Shah Kalim Allah Jahanabadi, was primary.[5]

Travels

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Inayat Khan toured the United States with his brother Maheboob Khan and cousin Mohammed Ali Khan between the years 1910 and 1912. Further travels took him to England, France, and Russia. During the First World War, living in London, he oversaw the founding of an order of Sufism under his guidance. Following the war he traveled widely, and numerous Sufi centers sprang up in his wake in Europe and the U.S. He ultimately settled in Suresnes, France, at the house and khanqah (Sufi lodge) known as Fazal Manzil.[citation needed]

Teaching

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Inayat Khan's teaching emphasized the oneness of God (tawhid) and the underlying harmony of the revelations communicated by the prophets of all the world's great religions. His discourses treated such varied subjects as religion, art, music, ethics, philosophy, psychology, and health and healing. The primary concern of Inayat Khan's teaching was the mystical pursuit of God-realization.[6] To this end he established an Inner School comprising four stages of contemplative study based on the traditional Sufi disciplines of mujahada, muraqaba, mushahada, and mu‘ayyana, which he rendered in English as concentration, contemplation, meditation, and realization.[7]: 218–227 

Foundational principles

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Ten principles, known as the Ten Sufi Thoughts, enunciate the universal spiritual values that are foundational to Inayat Khan's mystical philosophy.[7]: 3–13 

  1. There is One God, the Eternal, the Only Being; none exists save God.
  2. There is One Master, the Guiding Spirit of all Souls, Who constantly leads followers towards the light.
  3. There is One Holy Book, the sacred manuscript of nature, the only scripture which can enlighten the reader.
  4. There is One Religion, the unswerving progress in the right direction towards the ideal, which fulfills the life's purpose of every soul.
  5. There is One Law, the law of reciprocity, which can be observed by a selfless conscience together with a sense of awakened justice.
  6. There is One Brotherhood and Sisterhood, the human brotherhood and sisterhood, which unites the children of earth indiscriminately in the Parenthood of God.
  7. There is One Moral, the love which springs forth from self-denial, and blooms in deeds of beneficence.
  8. There is One Object of Praise, the beauty which uplifts the heart of its worshippers through all aspects from the seen to the unseen.
  9. There is One Truth, the true knowledge of our being, within and without, which is the essence of all wisdom.
  10. There is One Path, the annihilation of the false ego in the real, which raises the mortal to immortality, and in which resides all perfection.

Family and personal life

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In New York, he met the woman who would become his wife, Ora Ray Ameena Begum née Baker. They had four children: Vilayat Inayat Khan, Hidayat Inayat Khan, Noor Inayat Khan, and Khair-un-Nisa Inayat Khan.[citation needed]

Death and legacy

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In 1926 Inayat Khan returned to India; he died in Delhi on 5 February 1927.[8][9][10][11] He is buried in the Inayat Khan dargah in Nizamuddin, Delhi. The dargah is open to the public and hosts qawwali sessions. [12]

Bibliography

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Musicological works

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  • Balasan Gitmala
  • Sayaji Garbawali
  • Inayat Git Ratnawali
  • Inayat Harmonium Shikshak
  • Inayat Fidal Shikshak
  • Minqar-i Musiqar

Sufi works

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  • 1914 A Sufi Message of Spiritual Liberty
  • 1915 The Confessions of Inayat Khan
  • 1918 A Sufi Prayer of Invocation
  • Hindustani Lyrics
  • Songs of India
  • The Divan of Inayat Khan
  • Akibat
  • 1919 Love, Human and Divine
  • The Phenomenon of the Soul
  • Pearls from the Ocean Unseen
  • 1921 In an Eastern Rosegarden
  • 1922 The Way of Illumination
  • The Message
  • 1923 The Inner Life
  • The Mysticism of Sound
  • Notes from the Unstruck Music from the Gayan Manuscript
  • The Alchemy of Happiness
  • 1924 The Soul—Whence and Whither
  • 1926 The Divine Symphony, or Vadan

Posthumous Sufi works

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  • 1927 Nirtan, or The Dance of the Soul
  • The Purpose of Life
  • 1928 The Unity of Religious Ideals
  • 1931 Health
  • Character Building; The Art of Personality
  • 1934 Education
  • 1935 The Mind World
  • Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow
  • 1936 The Bowl of Saki
  • The Solution of the Problem of the Day
  • 1937 Cosmic Language
  • Moral Culture
  • 1938 Rassa Shastra: The Science of Life's Creative Forces
  • 1939 Three Plays
  • Metaphysics: The Experience of the Soul in Different Planes of Existence
  • 1980 Nature Meditations

Collected works

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  • 1960–1967 The Sufi Message of Hazrat Inayat Khan, 12 volumes
  • 1988– Complete Works of Pir-o-Murshid Hazrat Inayat Khan: Original Texts, 12 volumes (to date)
  • 2016– The Sufi Message of Hazrat Inayat Khan: Centennial Edition, 4 volumes (to date)

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Pirzade Zia Inayat Khan, ed. (2001). A Pearl in Wine: Essays on the life, music and Sufism of Hazrat Inayat Khan. New Lebanon, NY; USA: Omega Publications. ISBN 093087269X.
  2. ^ Mehta, R.C (2001). "Music in the Life of Hazrat Inayat Khan". In Pirzade Zia Inayat Khan (ed.). A Pearl in Wine: Essays on the life, music and Sufism of Hazrat Inayat Khan. New Lebanon, NY; USA: Omega Publications. pp. 161–176. ISBN 093087269X.
  3. ^ Graham, Donald A. (2001). "The Career of Pir-o-Murshid Inayat Khan in the West". In Pirzade Zia Inayat Khan (ed.). A Pearl in Wine. New Lebanon, NY; USA: Omega. pp. 127–160. ISBN 093087269X.
  4. ^ Jump up to:a b Khan, Shaikh al-Mashaik Mahmood (2001). "The Mawlabakhshi Rajkufu 'Alakhandan: The Mawlabakhsh Dynastic Lineage, 1833-1972". In Pirzade Zia Inayat (ed.). A Pearl in Wine. New Lebanon, NY: Omega. pp. 3–126. ISBN 093087269X.
  5. ^ Pirzade Zia Inayat Khan (2001). "The 'Silsila-i Sufian': From Khwaja Mu'in ad-Din Chishti to Sayyid Abu Hashim Madani". In Pirzade Zia Inayat Khan (ed.). A Pearl in Wine. New Lebanon, NY: Omega. pp. 267–322. ISBN 093087269X.
  6. ^ Keesing, Elisabeth de Jong (1977). Inayat Answers. London: Fine Books Oriental. ISBN 978-0856920080.
  7. ^ Jump up to:a b Hazrat Inayat Khan (2019). The Sufi message of Hazrat Inayat Khan. Vol. 4, Healing and the mind world. (Centennial ed.). Richmond, VA; USA: Sulūk Press; Omega Publications. ISBN 978-1941810309.
  8. ^ van Beek, Wil (1983). Hazrat Inayat Khan: Master of life, Modern Sufi Mystic (1st ed.). New York: Vantage Press. ISBN 978-0533054534.
  9. ^ Inayat Khan (1979). Elise Guillaume-Schamhart; Munira van Voorst van Beest (eds.). Biography of Pir-o-Murshid Inayat Khan. London; The Hague: East-West Publications. ISBN 0856920134.
  10. ^ Keesing, Elisabeth Emmy de Jong (1974). Inayat Khan: A Biography [Translated from the original Dutch: Golven, waarom komt de wind]. Translated by Hayat Bouman; Penelope Goldschmidt. The Hague: East-West Publications; Luzac. ISBN 0718902432.
  11. ^ Sirkar van Stolk; Daphne Dunlop (1967). Memories of a Sufi Sage: Hazrat Inayat Khan. London; The Hague: East-West Publications. ISBN 0856920134.
  12. ^ Bergman, Justin (24 November 2016). "36 Hours in Delhi". The New York Times.
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Wednesday, October 30, 2024

The 100 Greatest Muslims (10/30/2024)

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 The 100 Greatest Muslims

October 30, 2024

1.    The Prophet Muhammad

2.     Ali ibn Abi Talib

3.     Umar ibn al-Khattab

4.     Abu Bakr al-Siddiq

5.     Uthman ibn Affan

6.     Aisha bint Abu Bakr

7.     Khadija bint Khuwaylid

8.     Khalid ibn al-Walid

9.     Husain ibn Ali

10.    Abu Hurayra

11.     Fatimah bint Muhammad

12.     Bilal ibn Rabah

13.      Al-Bukhari

14.      Abu Hanifah

15.      Abu'l-Hasan al-Ash'ari

16.     Saladin

17.     Abu Hamid al-Ghazali

18.    Abu Abdullah ibn al-Shafi'i 

19.     Al-Khwarazmi

20.    Ahmad ibn Hanbal

21.    Ibn Khaldun

22.    Malik ibn Anas

23.     Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz

24.    Abdul Qadir Gilani

25.     Ibn Sina

26.     Ibn Taymiyyah 

27.    Nizam al-Mulk

28.    Al-Kindi

29.    Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan

30.     Jalal al-Din Rumi

31.    Harun al-Rashid

32.     Abd ar-Rahman I

33.    Tariq ibn Ziyad

34.    Mehmed II

35.    Al-Biruni

36.    Suleyman the Magnificent

37.    Ja'far al-Sadiq

38.    Abd ar-Rahman II

39.    Ziryab

40.    Ibn Ishaq

41.    Al-Ma'mun

42.    Ibn Rushd

43.    Timur

44.    Akbar

45.    Al-Farabi

46.    Al-Tabari

47.    Ibn Battuta

48.    Jabir ibn Hayyan

49.    Mimar Sinan

50.    Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariyya' al-Razi

51.     Hasan al-Basri

52.    Ibn al-Haytham

53.    Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj

54.    Mahmud of Ghazna

55.    Muhammad ibn al-Qasim al-Thaqafi - The Eighth Century Conqueror of Sindh, The Land That Would Become Pakistan

56.    Musa ibn Nusayr - The Eighth Century Conqueror of the Visigothic Kingdom of Hispania 

57.    Babur - The 16th Century Founder of the Mughal Empire

58.    Al-Mas'udi - The Baghdad Born 10th Century Historian Known as the "Herodotus of the Arabs"

59.    Al-Zahrawi - The 10th Century Andalusian Physician Who Is Called "The Father of Surgery"

60.    Ibn al-Arabi - The 13th Century Arab Andalusian Scholar, Mystic, Poet and Philosopher 

61.    Omar Khayyam - The 11th Century Persian Poet and Polymath

62.    Jamal al-Din al-Afghani - The 19th Century Father of Modern Pan-Islamism

63.    Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab - The 18th Century Founder of the Wahhabi Movement of Saudi Arabia

64.    Rabi'a al-Adawiyyah - The 8th Century Sufi Saint Who is One of the Founders of Sufism and Who is Equated with Mary, the Mother of Jesus

65.    'Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan - The 7th Century "Dome of the Rock" Caliph Whose Reign Firmly Consolidated the Umayyad Empire

66.    Al-Hallaj - The 10th Century "Christlike" Persian Mystic Who Said "I Am The Truth" and Was Persecuted, Tortured and Martyred for His Belief

67.    Al-Shahrastani - The 12th Century Persian Historian of Religions Who Wrote the Monumental Book of Sects and Creeds

68.    Baha' al-Din Naqshband - The 14th Century Sufi Saint and Founder of the Naqshbandi, a Major South Asian Sufi Order

69.    Shah Jahan - "The King of the World" Who, in the 17th Century, Became the Fifth Mughal Emperor and Who Constructed the Taj Mahal, One of the Architectural Wonders of the World

and

Mumtaz Mahal - The "Exalted One of the Palace" and the Inspiration for Shah Jahan's 17th Century Taj Mahal, One of the Architectural Wonders of the World

70.    Nasir al-Din al-Tusi - The 13th Century Persian Polymath Who Became The Father of Trigonometry 

71.    Shah Rukh - Named for a Chess Move, The 15th Century Ruler of the Timurid Empire Whose Death Began a Timurid Game of Thrones

72.    Nur Jahan - The "Light of the World": The Wife of Mughal Emperor Jahangir, She Became the De Facto Ruler of 17th Century Mughal India

73.    Fakhr al-Din al-Razi - "The Sultan of the Theologians", The 13th Century Author of The Great Commentary on the Qur'an and Arguably the First Multiverse Trailblazer

74.    Ferdowsi - The 11th Century Persian Poet Who Wrote The Shahnameh (The "Book of Kings"), a 60,000 Couplet Masterpiece Written Over 35 Years 

75.    Zheng He - The Great 15th Century Chinese Mariner and Explorer Who Led Seven Voyages to the Southern Oceans Including Voyages to Arabia and Africa

76.    Ibn Hazm - The 11th Century Andalusian Polymath Who Became the Father of Comparative Religion and the Author of The Ring of the Dove

77.    Mu'in al-Din Chishti - The "Comfort to the Poor", the 13th Century Islamic Saint From Afghanistan Who Spread Islam in India

78.    Nur al-Din Zangi -  The "Light of the Faith" During the 12th Century's Second Crusade, Years Before Saladin

79.    Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi - The 17th Century Reviver of Islam in India

80.    Ibn Bajja - The 12th Century Andalusian Who Became the First Eminent Philosopher of Al-Andalus (Muslim Spain)

81.    Aurangzeb - The 17th Century Indian "Conqueror of the World"

82.    Ibn Tufayl - The 12th Century Author of Hayy ibn Yaqdhan (Philosophus Autodidactus), the Precursor for Robinson Crusoe

83.    Malik Ibrahim - The 14th Century Persian Missionary Who Became First Wali Songo -- the First Introducer of Islam -- in Indonesia

84.    Mansa Musa - The 14th Century Mali Ruler Who May Be The Richest Man in History

85.    Al-Nawawi - The 13th Century Author of "Forty Hadith"

86.    Muhammad Baqir Majlisi - The 17th Century Iranian Twelver Shia Scholar Who Became Author of the 110 Volume "Oceans of Light"

87.    Hafiz Shirazi - The 14th Century Persian Poet Whose Diwan Became the Pinnacle of Persian Poetry 

88.    Shadhili - The 13th Century Founder of the Shadhiliyah Sufi Order

89.    Shah Wali Allah - The 18th Century Great Renewer of Islam in India and the Author of The Conclusive Argument From God

90.    Shamil - Legendary 19th Century Chechen and Dagestan Resistance Fighter Who Delayed Russia's Conquest of the Caucasus for 25 Years

91.    Ibn Jubayr - The 12th Century Andalusian Traveller Whose Rihlah, Whose Creative Travelogue, Recounts His Crusader Era Hajj

92.    Suhrawardi - The 12th Century Iranian "Master of Illumination" Who Wrote The Philosophy of Illumination

93.    Saadi Shirazi - The 13th Century "Master" of Persian Poetry Who Wrote The Rose Garden

94.    Sayyid Ahmad Khan - The 19th Century Founder of the First Muslim University in Southern Asia and the Father of the Two-Nation Theory for the Indian Sub-Continent

95.    Muhammad Ahmad - The Mahdi of Sudan Who Created a Vast Islamic African State in the 19th Century

96.    Al-Mutanabbi - The 10th Century Abbasid Era Arab Poet Who is Considered to Be the Greatest Poet of the Arabic Language

97.    'Uthman Dan Fodio - The 19th Century Nigerian Religious Leader and Reformer Who Founded the Sokoto Caliphate

98.    Mulla Sadra - The 17th Century Philosopher Who Is the Author of The Four Journeys of the Intellect and Who is Considered to Be the Greatest Iranian Philosopher

99.    Ali al-Rida - "The One Well-Pleasing to God" Who Became the Eighth Imam of Twelver Shi'a Islam in 9th Century Persia

100.   Fatima bint Musa - "The Pure and Innocent" 9th Century Shi'a Saint Whose Shrine in Qom Draws Millions Every Year


Others worthy of consideration for The 100 Greatest Muslims: Gowhar Shad, Malik Ambar

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The 100 Greatest Muslims Since 1900:

87: Hazrat Inayat Khan, Indian Professor of Musicology, Poet, Philosopher and Transmitter of Sufism to the West

88: Safeya Binzagr, Saudi Artist Whose "Al Zaboon" Is Called The "Saudi Mona Lisa"

 89: Yahya Sinwar, Hamas Leader Who Planned the October 7, 2023, Attack on Israel

90: Hassan Nasrallah, Lebanese Cleric and Politician Who Was the Longtime Leader of Hezbollah

91: Ebrahim Raisi, President of Iran

92: Ameen Sayani, Pioneering Radio Star in India

93. Yacouba Sawadogo, Burkina Faso Farmer Who Held Back the Desert

94. Saleemul Huq, Bangladeshi Advocate for Climate Change Reparations

95. Dariush Mehrjui, "Iranian New Wave" Film Pioneer

96.  Narges Mohammadi, Iranian Human Rights Activist and 2023 Nobel Peace Prize Recipient

97. Malala Yousafzai, Pakistani Female Education Activist and the Youngest Recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize

98. Yusuf Islam (Cat Stevens), English Singer Who is One of the Greatest Singers and Songwriters of the 20th and 21st Centuries 

 99. Ferid Murad, Albanian American Nobel Prize Winning Pharmacologist Who Championed Nitric Oxide

100. Ayman al-Zawahiri, Egyptian Islamist Who Became Al-Qaeda's Leader After Osama Bin Laden


Others worthy of consideration for The 100 Greatest Muslims After 1900:

Abdul Qadeer Khan, Abdulrazak Gurnah, Ahdaf Soueif, Ahmed Zewail, 'Ali Bhutto, 'Ali Shariati, Amini Wadud, Anwar al-Sadat, Aziz Sancar, Benazir Bhutto, 


Caucher Birkar, Ebrahim Moosa, Elif Shafak, Fatima Mernissi, Fethullah Gulen, Firouz Michael Naderi, Gamal Abdul Nasser, Hasan al-Banna, Hisham Matar, Ibn Saud, 


Ishaq Shahryar, Mahmud Shaltut, Malcolm X, Maryam Mirzakhani, Mohamed El Baradei, Mohammad Abdus Salam, Mohammed Arkoun, Mohsin Hamid, Muammar Ghadafi, 


Muhammad Abduh, Muhammad Ali, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Muhammad Iqbal, Muhammad Ilyas, Muhammad Yunus, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, Nadifa Mohamed, Naguib Mahfouz, Nurcholish Madjid, 


Orhan Pamuk, Osama Bin Laden, Rashid Ahmad Gangohi, Ruhollah Khomeini, Saddam Hussein, Sa'id Nursi, Salman Rushdie, Sayyid Qutb, Shirin Ebadi, Tariq Ramadan, 


Tawakel Karman, Yasser Arafat (52)

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