Abū Muḥammad ʿAlī ibn Aḥmad ibn Saʿīd ibn Ḥazm (sometimes with al-Andalusī aẓ-Ẓāhirī as well) (November 7, 994 – August 15, 1064) was an Andalusian-Arab philosopher, litterateur, psychologist, historian, jurist and theologian born in Córdoba, present-day Spain. He was a leading proponent of the Zahiri school of Islamic thought and produced a reported 400 works of which only 40 still survive, covering a range of topics such as Islamic jurisprudence, logic, history, ethics, comparative religion, and theology, as well as The Ring of the Dove, on the art of love.
Ibn Hazm was born into a notable family. His grandfather Sa'id and his father Ahmad both held high positions in the court of the Umayyad Caliph Hisham II and were said to be of Persian descent. Other scholars, however, believe that Iberian converts adopted such genealogies to better identify with the Arabs. Some contend that there is evidence for a Christian Iberian family background of Ibn Hazm going back to Manta Lisham (near Sevilla).
Ibn Hazm served as a minister in the Umayyad government, under the Caliphs of Córdoba, and was known to have worked under Al-Mansur Ibn Abi Aamir, Hajib (Grand Vizier) to the last of the Ummayad caliphs, Hisham III. After the death of the grand vizier al-Muzaffar in 1008, however, the Caliphate of Cordoba became embroiled in a civil war that lasted until 1031 resulting in its collapse and the emergence of many smaller states called Taifas. Ibn Hazm's father died in 1012 and Ibn Hazm continued to support the Umayyads, for which he was frequently imprisoned. By 1031, Ibn Hazm retreated to his family estate at Manta Lisham and began to express his activist convictions in the literary form.
According to a saying of the period, "the tongue of Ibn Hazm was a twin brother to the sword of al-Hajjaj" (a famous 7th century general and governor of Iraq) and he became so frequently quoted that the phrase “Ibn Hazm said” became proverbial.
He opposed the allegorical interpretation of religious texts, preferring instead a grammatical and syntactical interpretation of the Qur'an. He granted cognitive legitimacy only to revelation and sensation and considered deductive reasoning insufficient in legal and religious matters. He did much to revitalize the Zahiri madhhab, which denied the legitimacy of legal rulings based upon qiyas (analogy) and focused upon the literal meanings of legal injunctions in the Qur'an and hadith. Many of his rulings differed from those of his Zahiri predecessors, and consequently Ibn Hazm's followers are sometimes described as comprising a distinct madhhab.
A list of the works by Ibn Hazm include the following:
* Al Kitab al-Muhallā bi'l Athār (The Book Ornamented with traditions), the only existing book of his legal rulings
* Ihkam Al Ahkam fi Usul al Ahkam, usul al fiqh.
* Mukhtasar al-Muhalla li Ibn Hazm, an abridgment of Ibn Hazm's fiqh manual.
* Ṭawq al-Ḥamāmah (The Dove's Necklace or The Ring of the Dove)
In classical Arabic literary tradition, the dove represented love, or romance, while the ring refers to a necklace. In essence, it is the "necklace of love". The book is meant to adorn one's love. It is inspired by 'ishq (defined by Hakim Bey as "crazed, hopeless passion"), and treats equally of desire both for males and females, but cautions the reader against breaking religious injunctions and praises remaining chaste.
Ibn Hazm also wrote more than ten books on medicine.
Among his translated works are:
* Al-Akhlaq wa al-Siyar fi Mudawat al-Nufus (Morals and Right Conduct in the Healing of Souls") [9]
* Maratib al-`Ulum ("The Categories of the Sciences")
* Al-Mujalla
* Al-Fisal fi al-Milal wa al-Ahwa' wa al-Nihal ("The Separator Concerning Religions, Heresies, and Sects"). [10]
Ibn Hazm, Abu Muhammad ‘Ali
Ibn Hazm, Abu Muhammad ‘Ali (Abu Muhammad ‘Ali ibn Hazm) (Ibn Hazm al-Andalusi) (Abū Muḥammad ʿAlī ibn Aḥmad ibn Saʿīd ibn Ḥazm) (November 7, 994 – August 15, 1064). Andalusian poet, historian, jurist, philosopher and theologian. Born at Cordoba, he was one of the greatest thinkers of Arab-Muslim civilization and one of greatest figures of eleventh century Hispano-Arab literature. He made scholarly contributions as a psychologist and moralist, as a theoretician of language, as a jurist -- he is the most outstanding representative of the Zahiri school -- and as a historian of religious ideas.
Ibn Hazm was a grandson of a Spanish convert to Islam. He was chief minister at Cordoba, but was forced to withdraw from public life by the odium that his bitter attacks on his theological opponents aroused.
Ibn Hazm was perhaps the greatest figure in eleventh century Hispano-Arab prose literature. He began as a poet, but he is now best known for his book on chivalrous love, Tauq al-Hamama (“The Ring of the Dove” or “The Necklace of the Dove”) [Tawq al-hamamah – “The Ring of the Turtle Dove”]. Tauq al-Hamama is a vivid picture of life in Muslim Spain, describing some of the more intimate experiences of Ibn Hazm himself.
Ibn Hazm belonged to the Zahiri school of Islam. This was a strict sect which interpreted the Qur‘an literally, and which recognized no precedent except that based either on the Qur‘an or on the well-attested customs of the Prophet. Ibn Hazm did, however, write an important book on comparative religion, The Book of Religious and Philosophical Sects, in which he examined and refuted the claims made by the various non-Muslim faiths. In The Book of Religious and Philosophical Sects, Ibn Hazm dealt at length with inconsistencies in the Old and New Testaments. Ibn Hazm attacked many of the most revered authorities of Islam which led to his books being publicly burned in Seville.
Ibn Hazm was renowned for his analysis of language, logical precision, psychological and moral insight, and social cynicism. He made distinctive contributions as a poet, historian of religions, philosopher, theologian, and jurist. The school of law which he espoused, the Zahiri, was a minority tradition in Andalusia, where Malikite jurists prevailed. To bolster the legitimacy of the Zahiri viewpoint, Ibn Hazm tried to redefine fiqh only on the basis of the Qur‘an and hadith (prophetic traditions), rejecting the enormous spate of legal decisions derived from consensus -- ijma -- and individual interpretation -- ijtihad.
Ibn Hazm’s Kitab al-fisal wa‘l-nihal is a brilliant, painstakingly accurate summation of different viewpoints, though the ideas of some opponents are occasionally dismissed with a disdain bordering on mockery and ridicule.
Ibn Hazm sparked both admiration and condemnation after his death. Among his admirers was the noted Sufi theorist, Ibn ‘Arabi.
A list of works by Ibn Hazm includes:
* Al Kitab al-Muhallā bi'l Athār (The Book Ornamented with traditions), the only existing book of his legal rulings
* Ihkam Al Ahkam fi Usul al Ahkam, usul al fiqh.
* Mukhtasar al-Muhalla li Ibn Hazm, an abridgment of Ibn Hazm's fiqh manual
* Ṭawq al-Ḥamāmah (The Dove's Necklace or The Ring of the Dove)
In classical Arabic literary tradition, the dove represented love, or romance, while the ring refers to a necklace. In essence, it is the "necklace of love". The book is meant to adorn one's love. It is inspired by 'ishq (defined by Hakim Bey as "crazed, hopeless passion"), and treats equally of desire both for males and females, but cautions the reader against breaking religious injunctions and praises remaining chaste.
Ibn Hazm also wrote more than ten books on medicine.
Among his translated works are:
* Al-Akhlaq wa al-Siyar fi Mudawat al-Nufus (Morals and Right Conduct in the Healing of Souls")
* Maratib al-`Ulum ("The Categories of the Sciences")
* Al-Mujalla
* Al-Fisal fi al-Milal wa al-Ahwa' wa al-Nihal ("The Separator Concerning Religions, Heresies, and Sects").
Abu Muhammad 'Ali ibn Hazm see Ibn Hazm, Abu Muhammad ‘Ali
Ibn Hazm al-Andalusi see Ibn Hazm, Abu Muhammad ‘Ali
Abū Muḥammad ʿAlī ibn Aḥmad ibn Saʿīd ibn Ḥazm see Ibn Hazm, Abu Muhammad ‘Ali
Ibn Hazm, Abu Muhammad ‘Ali (Abu Muhammad ‘Ali ibn Hazm) (Ibn Hazm al-Andalusi) (Abū Muḥammad ʿAlī ibn Aḥmad ibn Saʿīd ibn Ḥazm) (November 7, 994 – August 15, 1064). Andalusian poet, historian, jurist, philosopher and theologian. Born at Cordoba, he was one of the greatest thinkers of Arab-Muslim civilization and one of greatest figures of eleventh century Hispano-Arab literature. He made scholarly contributions as a psychologist and moralist, as a theoretician of language, as a jurist -- he is the most outstanding representative of the Zahiri school -- and as a historian of religious ideas.
Ibn Hazm was a grandson of a Spanish convert to Islam. He was chief minister at Cordoba, but was forced to withdraw from public life by the odium that his bitter attacks on his theological opponents aroused.
Ibn Hazm was perhaps the greatest figure in eleventh century Hispano-Arab prose literature. He began as a poet, but he is now best known for his book on chivalrous love, Tauq al-Hamama (“The Ring of the Dove” or “The Necklace of the Dove”) [Tawq al-hamamah – “The Ring of the Turtle Dove”]. Tauq al-Hamama is a vivid picture of life in Muslim Spain, describing some of the more intimate experiences of Ibn Hazm himself.
Ibn Hazm belonged to the Zahiri school of Islam. This was a strict sect which interpreted the Qur‘an literally, and which recognized no precedent except that based either on the Qur‘an or on the well-attested customs of the Prophet. Ibn Hazm did, however, write an important book on comparative religion, The Book of Religious and Philosophical Sects, in which he examined and refuted the claims made by the various non-Muslim faiths. In The Book of Religious and Philosophical Sects, Ibn Hazm dealt at length with inconsistencies in the Old and New Testaments. Ibn Hazm attacked many of the most revered authorities of Islam which led to his books being publicly burned in Seville.
Ibn Hazm was renowned for his analysis of language, logical precision, psychological and moral insight, and social cynicism. He made distinctive contributions as a poet, historian of religions, philosopher, theologian, and jurist. The school of law which he espoused, the Zahiri, was a minority tradition in Andalusia, where Malikite jurists prevailed. To bolster the legitimacy of the Zahiri viewpoint, Ibn Hazm tried to redefine fiqh only on the basis of the Qur‘an and hadith (prophetic traditions), rejecting the enormous spate of legal decisions derived from consensus -- ijma -- and individual interpretation -- ijtihad.
Ibn Hazm’s Kitab al-fisal wa‘l-nihal is a brilliant, painstakingly accurate summation of different viewpoints, though the ideas of some opponents are occasionally dismissed with a disdain bordering on mockery and ridicule.
Ibn Hazm sparked both admiration and condemnation after his death. Among his admirers was the noted Sufi theorist, Ibn ‘Arabi.
A list of works by Ibn Hazm includes:
* Al Kitab al-Muhallā bi'l Athār (The Book Ornamented with traditions), the only existing book of his legal rulings
* Ihkam Al Ahkam fi Usul al Ahkam, usul al fiqh.
* Mukhtasar al-Muhalla li Ibn Hazm, an abridgment of Ibn Hazm's fiqh manual
* Ṭawq al-Ḥamāmah (The Dove's Necklace or The Ring of the Dove)
In classical Arabic literary tradition, the dove represented love, or romance, while the ring refers to a necklace. In essence, it is the "necklace of love". The book is meant to adorn one's love. It is inspired by 'ishq (defined by Hakim Bey as "crazed, hopeless passion"), and treats equally of desire both for males and females, but cautions the reader against breaking religious injunctions and praises remaining chaste.
Ibn Hazm also wrote more than ten books on medicine.
Among his translated works are:
* Al-Akhlaq wa al-Siyar fi Mudawat al-Nufus (Morals and Right Conduct in the Healing of Souls")
* Maratib al-`Ulum ("The Categories of the Sciences")
* Al-Mujalla
* Al-Fisal fi al-Milal wa al-Ahwa' wa al-Nihal ("The Separator Concerning Religions, Heresies, and Sects").
Abu Muhammad 'Ali ibn Hazm see Ibn Hazm, Abu Muhammad ‘Ali
Ibn Hazm al-Andalusi see Ibn Hazm, Abu Muhammad ‘Ali
Abū Muḥammad ʿAlī ibn Aḥmad ibn Saʿīd ibn Ḥazm see Ibn Hazm, Abu Muhammad ‘Ali
No comments:
Post a Comment